LIMESTONE CONTACTORS

 LIST OF CONTENTS

  Introduction

  Process Description

  Typical Contactor

  Design Criteria

  Photos, Plans & Specs

  Treatment Performance

  Operational Skills

  Automation Potential

  Advantages

  Limitations & Concerns

  Pilot Plant Objectives

  Costs 

  References

  Contacts & Facilities

 

REFERENCES

1. Alkattan, M., Oelkers, E.P., Dandurand J.L., Schott J. (1998). "An experimental study of calcite and limestone dissolution rates as a function of pH from 1 to 3 and temperature from 25 to 80 degrees C". Chemical Geology. 151:1-4:199-214.

2. Aziz, H.A. et. al. (2001). "Removal of copper from water using limestone filtration technique . Determination of mechanism of removal". Environment International. 26:5-6:395-399.

3. Aziz, H.A. and Smith, P.G. (1996). "Removal of manganese from water using crushed dolomite filtration technique". Water Research. 30:2:489-492.

4. Baldauf G., Henkel M. (1991). "Moglichkeiten und Grenzen der Marmorentsauerung vor dem Hintergrund der neuen Trinkwasserverordnung". Wasser/Abwasser. 132:3:132-140.

5. Beforth, H. (2003). Personal Communication. Consultant for Water Technology and Chemistry, Germany.

6. Benjamin, L. et. al. (May 1992). "Pilot testing a limestone contactor in British Columbia". Journal AWWA, pp 70-79.

7. Benjamin, L., Green, R.W., Smith, A., and Summerer, S. (June 18-22, 1992). "Limestone contactors for

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