DURHAM, N.H. – Lift off! State-of-the-art space weather instruments developed by researchers at the University of New Hampshire Space Science Center are now heading into space. The equipment was aboard the GOES-S satellite mission, the second in the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-series, launched March, 1 at 5:02 p.m. EST from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The technology is part of a suite of weather instruments created specifically for the highly anticipated new National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather satellites that will provide more accurate weather forecasts and warnings.

“We’re very proud and excited to be involved in this cutting-edge project,” said Jim Connell, associate professor at UNH and co-investigator on the project. “Many universities have flown instruments on science, or research, missions, but being selected to develop this type of instrument puts UNH among a small, elite, group of universities that have provided instruments for operational missions.”

The UNH researchers were chosen to create, build and calibrate a sensor that will allow scientists to monitor over long periods the level of energetic ions, from protons to nickel, that populate the near-Earth space environment. These ions are the main cause of high levels of radiation that can impact everything from communications and GPS satellites, to commercial airlines and even astronauts.

“An increased heavy ion environment near Earth, which signals higher radiation risk, can affect something as basic as airline travel,” said Clifford Lopate, research associate professor at UNH and principal investigator on the project. “Being able to forecast a higher radiation risk for so-called “polar” planes, those that tend to fly at higher altitudes near the Earth’s poles, would allow commercial airlines to warn pilots to reroute planes to lower altitudes to decrease the risk of long-term exposure to radiation for their crews, who fly the same route over and over again.”

The team of UNH engineers constructed the sensor to specifically measure atomic nuclei in space from helium, through the more massive carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, and the very massive iron and nickel. Like the rest of the universe, the large majority of positively charged particles in space are protons, followed by helium, then the heavier elements. Monitoring these particles will be an integral part of the NOAA Space Weather program that tracks and forecasts changes in the environmental conditions in space around the Earth.

The GOES series of satellites, NOAA’s biggest satellite advancement to date, will provide National Weather Service forecasters the meteorological equivalent of going from black and white to ultra-high-definition color TV. Similar to the first satellite launched in November 2016, this new satellite will scan the Earth five times faster at four times the image resolution, with triple the number of channels for more accurate, reliable forecasts and severe weather outlooks. Once the satellite is declared operational late this year, it will provide faster, more accurate data to track storm systems, lightning, wildfires, dense fog, and other hazards that threaten the western U.S., Hawaii, and Alaska.