Scientists Launch Rocket Over Alaska to Study Pulsating Aurora
By David Sims, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space
February 14, 2007
All four stages of the 65-foot-tall Black Brant XII sounding rocket are shown being fired in this photograph of the successful launch to study pulsating aurora. The foreground snow reflects the glow of the Northern Lights. Photo by Todd Valentic, SRI, Inc.
A 65-foot-tall Black Brant XII sounding rocket carrying a
unique, spinning camera built at UNH was launched from Alaska’s
Poker Flat Research Range in the early morning hours of February 12
and soared 460 miles above Earth to photograph a little-understood
phenomenon known as pulsating aurora.
Scientist Marc Lessard of the UNH Institute for the Study of Earth,
Oceans, and Space (EOS) and Department of Physics led the experiment.
Lessard’s Ph.D. student, Sarah Jones, designed the unique camera,
which had to “despin” the digital imagery of the aurora taken
from a rocket spinning at a rate of 60 revolutions per minute.
Pulsating aurora, unlike the well-known and spectacular aurora borealis
or Northern Lights, is a subtle type of aurora that seems to blink on
and off in large round patches. Pulsating auroras occur after the curtain-type
displays of aurora borealis and are often missed by watchers who think
the show is over.
Despite their small size, transient nature, and distance far above the
surface of the Earth, Lessard notes that pulsating aurora pack quite
an energetic punch. The power behind pulsating auroras is one of the
mysteries Lessard and his colleagues would like to solve when they analyze
data from the launch. Scientists think pulsating auroras get their power
from the Van Allen belts, radiation belts far from Earth, unlike typical
aurora displays, which are driven by processes a few hundred miles above
the atmosphere.
Lessard’s rocket experiment, complex even by rocket-science standards,
had a main instrument cluster, known as a payload, and three sub-payloads,
which separated early after the rocket cleared the upper atmosphere at
an altitude of 143 miles. Two of the sub-payloads had their own rocket
motors, propelling them away from the main payload where they obtained
spatially separated measurements of the pulsating aurora.
Lessard’s team also used the rocket to measure electrical current
flow related to pulsating auroras and to produce visual images from within
the pulsating aurora.
Since the instrument packages within the rocket radioed down their information
about pulsating aurora during the flight, the rocket payloads will not
be recovered.
The launch was carried out under the NASA-funded Rocket Observations
of Pulsating Aurora (ROPA) program. Working with Lessard and Jones were
collaborators from Dartmouth College, Cornell University, and the University
of Alaska Fairbanks.
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